Thin Film Solar Cell

wind solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun and collected elsewhere, namely the Earth. photovoltaic technology directly converts solar energy into electricity. Photovoltaic tenuous motion picture solar cubicleular telephones argon piano to handle , inexpensive and in like manner light(a) to use. Thin assume panel is flexible and tolerate reserve a bullet mint without failing and can greatly increase the surface atomic number 18a and the dousing coefficient needed to generate electricity. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the thin- film solar prison stall and as well call its application and how its work.Introduction The solar prison cellphone is the latest technology nigh the world. The solar cell is withal called a renewable energy source, because the capture the cheer and convert it into the electrical energy. There atomic number 18 unlike types of solar cells, but the most important one is a thin- f ilm solar cell. It is cost good and its efficiency is greater than the separate types of solar cells like thin film dye sanitized solar cell . solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun and collected elsewhere. either solar cells are made of silicon.Thin- Film Photovoltaic technology directly converts solar energy into electricity. solar cells are made out of semiconducting material, usually silicon. The process of making a solar cell begins with taking a slice of highly purified silicon crystal, and then processing it through several stages involving inert heating and cooling. Solar cells are based on semiconductor physics they are essentially entirely a P-N junction photo-diodes with a precise large light-sensitive area. An opposite common material for thin- film cells include Gallium Aarsenide (GaAs), Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, and gallium Phosphide.The most common types of photovoltaic cells are single-junction, multi-junction, and thin-f ilm. A thin film panel is flexible and can tolerate a bullet hole without failing and can greatly increase the surface area and the absorption coefficient needed to generate electricity. Multi-junction solar cells are most comm provided apply in solar concentrating applications such as satellites in space. forthwith we use solar precedent to do many things. We use solar power for everything from reckoners to large power plants that can power large cities. The most common applications for solar panels are utilize for comminuted evices. The Solar cell technology research is continuing to create low-cost high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. Some countries do not keep up oil or do not convey tolerable political and economic power to buy it or to produce it, but they receive more sunlight than former(a)s. The solar cell technology is rapidly increase in those countries than the others, and it also grows prompt in atomic number 20 than in Wa shington. Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are based on those compounds which shed the efficiencies up to 19. 2%. Nowadays, it is change magnitude by 20. 4%.The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology has recently developed a new thin-film solar cell with an efficiency of 20. 4%. Those cells are based on CIGS (copper indium gallium (DI) selenide) semiconductor material. The band gap on the top of the solar cell around 1. 6-1. 8 EV. The thin-film solar cells should be design by single-junction and also two- junction devices commonly used CIGS and CdZnTe. There are intravenous feeding different types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 3. Copper indium gallium selenide (CIS/CIGS) 4. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPC) How Thin-Film Solar Cell WorksThin-film solar cells are also called new generation of solar cell. This cell contains multiple layers of PV material. This new generation solar cells produce over 3700 megawatts of electrical energy in 2010. The primary(prenominal) difference between the structure of normal silicon solar cells and thin film silicon solar cell is the thin flexible arrangement of the different layer as is shown as figure (1). The only advantage of that layer is to create a greater surface area for sunlight absorption and also it is very low weight and easy to use in cars and small devices. Figure (1) We use calculator everyday in our normal daily routine.These solar powered calculators have a small solar cell at the top corner of the calculator. These cells are built with thin film technology. Most of them are very small about an inch long and ? inch wide. The thin-film solar cells are very thin thats why they Called thin-film solar cell. Thin-film solar cell is different than the silicon wafer. Silicon wafer and thin-film solar cell have a light absorbing layer, but only difference is the thickness. The silicon wafer has 350 microns thick,but the thin-film solar cell has only one micron, and as result thin-film solar cell is very light weight compared to other solar cells.Thin-film solar cells are made of several layers. Those all layer helps to absorb light. As you can see in the figure (2). (Different layers in thin-film solar cell) Figure (2) On the other hand, some thin-film solar cell required the three functional layers from the multiple layers in a solar cell. These three have different important function. In the figure (a), show the front contact and back contact layers which have only one job to do and thats is to provide the electrical contact with the solar cell from the outside the world. The figure (a) shows the basic theory of the different layer stack of the thin-film solar cell.Thin -film solar cell implemented by the different ways , but the three most common inorganic technologies are CuSe2 , CdTe solar cell, and also thin-film solar cell which has an amorphous and microcrystalline silicon absorber. There are three major t ypes of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 3. Copper indium gallium deselenide (CIGS). The (a-Si) solar cell is very commonly used and also easy to understand and implement it, but in that location are two major problems that cause this type of solar cell to have some drawbacks.The premier problem is, silicon is very hard to find the market and buy it , because its demand often exceeds the supply. The siemens thing is, this type of solar cell has very low efficiency. This type of solar cell is also very thinner so they absorb sunlight in very less and on the other hand, they do not have enough power to absorb more. Therefore, they used in calculator and other very small and low power consuming devices. The Advantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell1. Thin-film solar cell is very cheaper than the silicon solar cell2. They are also available in thin wafer sheet.3.More flexible and very easy to handle it.4. little thinner than crystalline solar ce ll. It can be as thin . 001 mm or more, but the crystalline solar cells are . 15-. 2 mm thick.5. Easy to install on the rooftop with a rugged mounting system with tilt at a fixed degree.6. Thin film solar cells have better performance in the hot weather. See table (1) below.Table (1) The efficiency of solar panel /% Temperature /degree a-Si thin film Crystalline 25 (STC) 10 16 35 8 11 45 6 6 50 5 3. 5 The Disadvantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell 1. Less efficient than the normal standard silicon and crystalline solar cell.See table (2) below. Table (2) reason Crystalline Efficiency Drop Light San Francisco fog 8%-15% Heavy San Francisco fog 15%-20% swampy & raining 20% 50% Heavy cloudy & raining 50% 90% 2. They have Gordian structure. 3. Different version requires its own unique installation skills. 4. They are also not available for aerospace applications. 5. They faster to degrade than the other solar cells thats why they always come with a shorter warranty. 6. They require a h uge space so they are not good for most residential situations. Applications Of Thin-Film solar cellThin-film solar cell panels are used in many power applications. They are also used for outdoor and energy generating applications. These cells are very light weight and easy to use in homes and small business. They can be installed on the rooftops of the most homes. They use calculators, cars and other portable electronics. They are also used in cloths also enables the powering the iPod, iPad, and cell phones during the hiking. Thin film solar cells are used in vigorous charger and led lights. Conclusion The advancement of Photovoltaic thin film solar cell is increasing rapidly.The development and decisions on materials used in PV thin film solar cell are all important(p) when trying to achieve optimal performance for a good price. The discovery of the photoelectric effect and the purpose of photons sparked interest of finding more ways to create efficient PV cells. The decisions on what materials to use in PV cells have paved the way for new developments and increased efficiency. When the first thin film solar cell was created it was around 1% efficient and with todays innovations and engineering decisions efficiencies are now able to achieve up to 20. %. If this trend to improvement continues the way it has been over the past 40 years then the technology whitethorn pave the way for complete solar power generations . References 1. Harris, William. How Thin-film Solar Cells Work 07 April 2008. HowStuffWorks. com. 22 march 2013. 2. Mathias Aarre M? hlum. Which Solar Panel Types is Best Internet http//energyinformative. org/best-solar-panel-monocrystalline-polycrystalline